Thalassemia is an inherited genetic disorder of hemogolobin synthesis. It is Characterized by a quantitative reduction of their alpha or beta chains of globin. It results in an inherited problem in synthesis of a specific type of globin chain either due to deletion of the relevant gene or faulty translation of the genetic information.The onset of the severe from of the disease, homozygous beta thalassemia, occurs insidiously during the first or second year of life.The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between thalasemia, caries and periodontal problems. A cross-sectional study was designed by evaluating 98 registered patients who had suffering from thalasemia and recieved monthly transfusion, during 1999.Results showed that:Over all 66 male patients, had been involved with an average age of 19.8 years and 32 female patients with an averge age of 155 years.There was a significant difference between those who had splenectomy compare to those who did not recieve this operation by an increase of both GI and DMF scores.

Aim: This survey was designed to compare the efficiency of preventive methods on GINGIVAL bleeding INDEX (GBI) of 12 year old Tehranian pupils. Method and Material: 16 secondary Schools were selected randomly and then divided into four groups:Group I: the control group with no preventive program. Group II: the first trial group (Education G) who were introduced to oral hygiene through audio-visual training. Group III: the 2nd trial group (promotion G) who were persuaded practically. Group IV: the 3rd trail group (Education and promotion G) who were both trained and persuaded practically. GBI INDEX was measured both before and after intervention is completed (one year research period. Results: Results showed that GBI had been increased in 6 sextants from 2.6% to 23.3% of group I. This data was decreased in six sextants from 22.9% to 13.6%of the group II. In group III, GBI was increased in six sextant from 19.4%to 43.9% while a decreased was occurred in six sextant of group IV from 34.2% to 14%. Conclusion: Education and training has an obvious effect on increase of the level of oral hygiene.

Background and Aim: Regarding the importance and prevalence of lichen planus among patients and rarity of Oro- Vulval-Vaginal and Peno-GINGIVAL syndromes, that need more attention for diagnosis because of simultaneous oral and genital involvement, we are going to review the symptoms and early diagnosis of these patients. The aim of this article is to report two patients with Oro-Vulval-Vaginal syndrome and two patients with Peno- GINGIVAL syndrome with a short review on these syndromes and their treatments. Case Report: This study is a case report four patients with these syndromes who attended oral medicine department. For each patient a complete document consisting of demographic information, medical, dental, familial and social history was prepared and a photograph was taken from the oral lesions at the first visit and for definite diagnosis of genital lesions consultation with Dermatologist and OB &GYN Surgeon was done. After biopsy and definite diagnosis simultaneous treatment for oral and genital lesions started.Regarding the severity of lesions and acceptable response to the primary treatment, type and dose of the drug was changed and finally the patients were placed in follow up phase.Conclusion: Regarding the outcome of neglecting Lichen Planus in other organs and delay in accurate diagnosis and lack of receiving enough and on time treatment, performing an exact examination and taking a complete history with attention to other organ's symptoms is of great importance. More over malignant changes in even asymptomatic oral and genital lesions is probable.

The aim of this research was conducted to clinically compare the efficacy of Persica toothpaste comparing to Darugar 1. This study was a single blind clinical trial. Every subject was accounted both as a experimental and control groups (Crossover study). Thirty dental school students participated in the study. (20 female and 10 male), with mean of age 23 years. They didn't have any systemic disease. Subjects have used Persica tooth past for 2 weeks and the following 2 weeks, Darugar 1, has been used. Tooth brushing method was modified stillmans and toothbrush type was soft Butler. At the end of 2 weeks period, the INDEXes of plaque of GINGIVAL have been recorded and analytical evaluations were done. Results showed that the mean of recorded plaque INDEX for Darugar 1 was 49% and Persica 32% and GINGIVAL INDEX, (for Darugar was 9% and Persica 6%. At end inter groups examination (Paired t-test) was done and it showed experimental group had significant effect on decreasing of Plaque and GINGIVAL INDEX (P<0.00l). With regard to the potential side effects of the chemical agents of the toothpaste, in comparison to the herbal compounds, their production would be beneficial. Due to the limited scope of this research and further work on herbal toothpaste including taste and fluoride content, are recommended.

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of composition of aloe vera-green tea, matrica, and chlorhexidine on GINGIVAL inflammatory indices and dental stain INDEX. Methods. In this double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial, anti-inflammatory, anti-plaque formation, and dental staining effects of two herbal mouthwashes, including aloe vera-green tea and matrica in comparison with chlorhexidine in 60 patients with plaque induced gingivitis referring to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry were evaluated. The indices evaluated in this study were plaque INDEX (Silness and Loe), GINGIVAL INDEX (Loe and Silness), bleeding on probing INDEX (Ainamo and Bay) and dental stain INDEX (Lobene stain INDEX). They were evaluated on the first day of using mouthwashes and two weeks later. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. One-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, and paired t and Chi-square tests (α =0. 05) were used as appropriate. Results. There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of the mean values of plaque INDEX, GINGIVAL INDEX, BOP INDEX, and stain INDEX before the application of mouthwash. However, after mouthwash application, the mean values of indices were significantly different between the four groups. Aloe vera-green tea and chlorhexidine mouthwashes reduced plaque INDEX, GINGIVAL INDEX, and bleeding on probing INDEX significantly and there was no significant difference between these two mouthwashes (P >0. 05). The effect of matrica mouthwash on plaque INDEX and GINGIVAL INDEX was significantly lower than aloe vera-green tea and chlorhexidine (P <0. 05). Conclusions. The results of the present study show that aloe vera-green tea mouthwash may be an effective mouthwash owing to its antiplaque and anti-inflammatory properties and may be an ideal substitute for chlorhexidine.

Objectives: GINGIVAL recession can lead to root exposure and discomfort for patients. There are various techniques for root coverage. The aim of this study was to compare the use of GINGIVAL unit graft (palatal graft including the marginal gingiva and papillae) with free GINGIVAL graft for treatment of localized GINGIVAL recession. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 18 bilateral localized recessions of Miller class I and II were treated in nine systemically healthy patients. Recessions were randomly treated with GINGIVAL unit graft in one side and conventional free GINGIVAL graft in the other side. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue width, probing depth and vertical recession depth (VRD) were recorded at baseline and at one, three and six months after surgery. The healing INDEX and patient satisfaction were also evaluated. One-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test were used for statistical analyses.Results: Both techniques caused significant improvement in clinical parameters. GINGIVAL unit graft produced higher satisfaction esthetically (P=0.050, 0.024 and 0.024, respectively at the three time points), higher healing INDEX (P<0.001), higher root coverage percentage at one month after surgery (34.04%, P=0.011) and greater reduction of recession width three months after surgery (P=0.007) but the reduction in VRD at this side was not significantly greater. Conclusions: GINGIVAL unit graft might be an acceptable modality in Miller Class I/II recession defects. This technique may have advantages over free GINGIVAL graft such as significantly superior clinical and esthetic results.

Introduction: Thalassemia disease is characterized by anemia with splenomegaly and bone change in the early ages of life. It is a blood disease with two subtypes; Alpha & Beta. The Disorder is in synthesis of RBC Globulins. According to genetic defects and globulin structure defect, this disease is classified into major, minor and intermediate. The aim of this study was evaluating the periodontal status and measuring the INDEX of GI (Loe & Sillness) and OHI (DI-S &CI-S) compared with the control group.Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 100 patients suffering from major thalassemia referring to Dr.Sheikh Pediatric Hospital as the case group and 100 patients referring to Mashhad dental school as the control group, were studied. The two groups matched in age, sex and tooth brushing frequency in a day. GI and OHI-S (CI-S and DI-S) were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test.Results: GI and DI were significantly different in the case group and GI and OHI-S were greater in 19-26 year old than other patients age groups.In patients undergone splenectomy, the periodontal diseases were more frequent than those without splenectomy. Discussion: These difference in GI and OHI between the case and control groups could be attributed to maxillo-facial disorders, mouth breathing, imperfect plaque control, as well as host immune factors due to splenectomy which predisposes these patients to periodontal diseases.Conclusion: GINGIVAL diseases were more prevalent in patients with thalassemia due to more plaque formation.